The Social Contract Account Of Justice By John Rawls

Rawls Paper The original position is a major theme in the social contract account of justice by John Rawls. By design, it should be a fair point of view for any person desiring to be impartial in their reasoning, regarding the basic principles of justice (Anderson et al. 2014). When a person adopts this point of view, they imagine themselves in a position of equal persons who are committed to the principles of political and social justice. One of its distinguishing features is the veil of ignorance. In this paper, the case of a defendant found guilty of second-degree murder is presented. A stakeholder’s position is first given on the matter. It is followed by the revised position under the veil of ignorance. It also contains a discussion of the ways in which stances have changed from the assigned identity’s perspective to the Rawl’s veil of significance perspective. Introduction to the concepts The original position is a situation that occurs hypothetically. The parties in the original position select the principles that determine the structure of their society. The parties make the choice behind a veil of ignorance that is meant to deprive them of any information concerning their characteristics. The kind of information eliminated include their gender, ethnicity, social status, and the concept of the good. It means the participants must select the principles rationally and impartially. In the social contract theory, there is a contract definingShow MoreRelatedThe Philosophy Of Social Justice1507 Words   |  7 Pages fairness, and equal distribution are concepts that are embedded in social justice. Individuals living in harmony for mutual benefit living in a state of society are set out by social contract. This paper will firstly show, the background of the philosophy of social justice. Then it will focus on John Rawls Theory of Justice. Seco ndly, It addresses the stages of the Theory of Justice, It then historical nature of social justice in conjunction with western philosophy. Lastly it will look at the diversityRead MoreThe Original Position and the Veil of Ignorance1369 Words   |  6 Pages Political philosopher John Rawls believed that in order for society to function properly, there needs to be a social contract, which defines ‘justice as fairness’. Rawls believed that the social contract be created from an original position in which everyone decides on the rules for society behind a veil of ignorance. In this essay, it will be argued that the veil of ignorance is an important feature of the original position. First, the essay will describe what the veil of ignorance is. SecondlyRead Moreveil of ignorance1674 Words   |  7 Pagesweaknesses of John Rawls’ ‘Veil of Ignorance’ method† In John Rawls A Theory of Justice, he argues that morally, society should be constructed politically as if we were all behind a veil of ignorance; that is, the rules and precepts of society should be constructed as if we had no prior knowledge of our future wealth, talents, and social status, and could be placed in any other persons societal position (Velasquez, 2008). Through this, Rawls believes that people will create a system of â€Å"justice as fairness†Read MoreJohn Rawls Justice is Fairness1525 Words   |  7 Pagesgood may vary. Right is set down in the social contract, the same for everyone†. Quote taken from the Chronicle of Higher Education in an article titled: The Enduring Significance of John Rawls. John Rawls, a political philosopher around the 1950’s but was not well known until the 1970’s. John Rawls was highly recognized and studied at many established colleges such as Oxford, Cornell University where Rawls became a professional philosop her and Harvard. Rawls wrote many series of highly known andRead More John Rawls A Theory of Justice Essay704 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Rawls A Theory of Justice John Rawls A Theory of Justice has long been revered as a marvel of modern political philosophy. Its most well-known for the two principles of justice outlined by Rawls: (1) that all persons have an equal right to liberty; and (2) that (a) all inequalities in society should be arranged to benefit the least advantages, and (b) that all positions and offices should be open and accessible as outlined by fair equality of opportunity. Rawls conception of societyRead MoreEssay on What is the Function of a Social Contract?1637 Words   |  7 Pages What is the Function of a Social Contract? Philosophers have been concerned with the theories of a social contract for thousands of years. Plato mentions the concept in Crito and in Republic. These theories have stemmed from the concept of justice and for our society to be just. I will look at the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and finally with John Rawls after which a overall view into the function of a social contract can be derived as well as any problems with theRead MoreEssay about The Criticism of Social Contract Theories1232 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Tatum Schneidmiller Justice Theory Assignment #1 Ward Churchills criticism of social contract theory clearly applies to classic social contract theories that we discussed.   However, Rawls adds the veil of ignorance concept to his more modern social contract theory.   A) Explain the basics of Rawls and Churchills arguments and how they each criticize classic social contract theories.   B) Discuss whether or not Churchills argument applies to Rawls modification and explain how and why it doesRead MoreThe Function of a Social Contract1676 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the Function of a Social Contract? Philosophers have been concerned with the theories of a social contract for thousands of years. Plato mentions the concept in Crito and in Republic. These theories have stemmed from the concept of justice and for our society to be just. I will look at the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and finally with John Rawls after which a overall view into the function of a social contract can be derived as well as any problems with the theory(s)Read MoreLiberalism And The Ethical And Logical Level Essay1332 Words   |  6 Pagesneutrality of the state. Liberal neutrality can be understood as the idea that a neoliberal state should not promote any specific concept of perfectionism, social utopia or the ‘’good’’. This is concept is often used in critiques of multiculturalism and collective rights movements. We will be discussing the theories of some liberal authors such as John Rawls, Locke, Mill, Nozick, and Waldron among others whose philosophies clash on the ethical and logical level. We will discuss the following proposal; ‘’theRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Joseph Butler On The First Principle Of Justice1213 Words   |  5 Pages10/31/14 Supervenience with Perspective to Butler and Rawls In philosophy, the term supervenience is, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, â€Å"A set of properties A supervenes upon another set B just in case no two things can differ with respect to A-properties without also differing with respect to their B-properties† (McLaughlin). Literally, self-deceit is a misconception held by a person in favor of it. On the other hand, justice is defined as result or process of using laws to punish

The End Of The War - 1052 Words

In autumn of 1918, it all started. Desertion rates were dramatically rising in the German army, and civil strikes reduced protection of German cities. This was the beginning of the end of the war. While the German army was slowly collapsing, the Americans found the perfect chance to strike the German army. The Americans then launched the important Hundred Day Offense which was the concluding offensive of the war. The Hundred Day Offense pushed Germany out of France, therefore, forcing them to retreat beyond the Hindenburg Line where they landed their final attack of this war. The Hindenburg Line was built during the winter of 1916 as an important German defense position on the eastern front. Once the Germans retreated to the Hindenburg†¦show more content†¦Approximately a month after bargaining was over, the Treaty of Versailles was presented to Germany for â€Å"consideration.† Germany was given 3 weeks to accept the terms. If it was not accepted, continuation of the war would be inevitable. The Treaty of Versailles is widely known for its essentials to end the war, but it inflicted harsh terms on the Germans as well. Germany was forced to give up 13.5% of its 1914 territory (including land taken from Russia in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and a lot of vital industrial territory), its army was limited to 100,000 men, German use of heavy artillery, gas, tanks, and aircraft was banned, Germany s navy was restricted to shipping under 10,000 tons, Germans weren t allowed to use submarines, and Germany was forced to pay $55 billion in reparations. The $55 billion the Germans needed to pay was one of the harshest term of the treaty. After the Germans gave up this money, unemployment struck and Germany slowly collapsed as a whole, and the German people accepted Hitler’s rise to power under the motto that he was going to help Germany become a power and avoid war (he obviously didn’t). This treaty received mixed reactions. The most important politicians involved with the signing of this treaty were Georges Clemnà ©ceau of France, David Lloyd George of Britain, and, of course, the American Woodrow Wilson (28th President of the United States). Similar to Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, pushed

The Ultimate End Of A Marriage Essay - 2044 Words

English 111 Mrs. Mitchell Divorce and Children The ultimate end to a marriage is painful and some of his celebrity affect life in question is connected to. Perhaps the chaos and stress, emotions that divorce some time before prevailing, ensue and now split the family unit. Children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of divorce. Unable to understand and process such complex matters of life, the children their heartache and confusion to resort to alternative methods. The fact that parents divorce affects children, and remains with them throughout their life. They suffer from psychological and behavioral problems; any grownup child can relay past feelings that accompanied the demise of their caretaker’s marriage. Regardless of the length of time, few children are unable to provide some recollection of pain. Relationships are often stressed, psychologically affected, and the future can seem bleak. When we gravity with which a child understand divorce is impacted, in the hope that the couple s marriage on behalf of al l the opportunities of energy dedicated salvage. Children in divorced families and stepfamilies, as compared to those in non-divorced families, are more likely to exhibit behavioral and emotional problems, lower social competence and self-esteem, less socially responsible behavior, and poor academic achievement. â€Å"Ann Brownson in his journal States that, approximately six to ten his parents divorce, illustrating what my experiences with each child.Show MoreRelatedDisney s The Little Mermaid1514 Words   |  7 PagesAs children, people grow up watching Disney movies wishing that one day they could be the beautiful princess that is saved by the ultimate fairytale prince or the town hero that slays the mighty dragon. The power Disney has on the public is unmatched by almost any other corporation as they have the power to influence the minds of young children. 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Dna Mutations And Its Effects On Humans Essay - 1341 Words

DNA Mutations Over a lifetime our DNA can undergo changes or ‘mutations’ in the sequence of bases; A, C, G and T. A mutation is a change that occurs in your DNA sequence, either due to mistakes when the DNA is being copied or as the result of environmental factors.Mutations are essential for evolution to occur because they increase genetic variation. Mutations can occur during DNA replication if errors are made and not corrected in time. The mutation can have a positive or negative affect on humans. However, mutation can also disrupt normal gene activity. Sometimes DNA mutations don’t give a good or bad affect, the gene might just be different. DNA mutations do not always cause health and developmental problems, only a small percentage of mutations cause genetic disorders but most have no impact on health or development.Often cells can recognise any potentially mutation-causing damage and repair it before it becomes a fixed mutation. A very small percentage of all mutations actually have a positive effect but these mutations lead to new versions of proteins that help an individual better adapt to changes in his or her environment. A beneficial mutation could result in a protein that protects an individual and future generations from a new strain of bacteria. This is important to modern society because if scientists could harvest a positive mutation we could already have a vaccine or antibiotic for future diseases. Currently there are studies for gene therapy to fixShow MoreRelatedIn The 21St Century, The Advancement In Medical Technology1143 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 21st century, the advancement in medical technology has allowed DNA testing and counseling to become accessible to the general public. With the rise in population genetic curiosity of ancestral DNA markers, the tests have also been available to discover probability for diseases that have been inherited or in the genetic code through DNA mutations. 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Gothic Literature was a natural progression from romanticism, which had existed in the 18th Century Essay Example For Students

Gothic Literature was a natural progression from romanticism, which had existed in the 18th Century Essay Gothic Literature was a natural progression from romanticism, which had existed in the 18th Century. Initially, such a unique style of literature was met with a somewhat mixed response; although it was greeted with enthusiasm from members of the public, literary critics were much more dubious and sceptical. Gothic writing is a style of literature that relies upon the evocation of moods, feelings and imagery for impact. This style of writing was developed during an age of great scientific discovery à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" such literature marked a reaction against the prevailing Age of Enlightenment. Many Gothic authors opposed the new-found faith and enthusiasm placed in these discoveries, believing that they restricted freedom of imagination. Consequently, Gothic writers inhabited areas where no answers are provided à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" exploiting peoples fears and offering answers that are in stark contrast to the otherwise scientific explanations. Gothic writing is a style that depends upon the evocation of moods, which is reflected mainly in the writing style of a novel. Dracula is written in the first person à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" I must have been asleep with a constant change of narrator within chapters. Wilde, however, wrote in the third person, omniscient, giving us the observers point of view whilst still showing us the intelligence and class of his characters through the language that they use à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" come, Mr Gray, my hansom is outside. The diary entries or notes used in Dracula are fragmented and have an epistolary structure Jonathon Harkers Journal. This emphasises each of the characters feelings of isolation and loneliness, adding to the appeal of the reader. During the entries, Stoker goes to great lengths to show that his narrators are all rational and logical, there was business to be done, and I could allow nothing to interfere with it, and to show that their imaginations do not run riot à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" heightening the fear and interest of the reader, as a supposedly intelligent person is still shown as vulnerable. In The Picture of Dorian Gray Dorian suffers from both actual and psychological isolation from his forced vulnerability. The reason why this happens is due to the increase of evil in him as the plot develops. This is down to the corruptive character of Lord Henry, who increases his terribly enthralling influence over him with the use of his yellow book- For years Dorian Gray could not free himself from the influence of this book. The book becomes like a Holy Scripture to him and he lives a life devoted to bringing together new experiences and sensations with no regard for conventional standards of morality, or the consequences of his actions. He soon understands what has happened, but is unable to do anything about it by this time -You poisoned me with a book once. I should never forgive thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it does harm. The use of corruptive characters is also apparent in Dracula, as the corrupter is actually the Count himself, although Stoker shows his corruption as a more physical and more passionate act than the flattering and cerebral seduction of Lord Henrys à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" her breast heaved softly. Corruptive characters were an important part of gothic writing, as not only does it show an immoral side to society, it also employs some sympathy towards the characters in the eyes of the reader. Stoker presents psychological isolation through the individual diary entries of each character à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" when each character is separated from the others they become isolated and vulnerable to Draculas attacks. Dracula has little power over them, however, when they are all together, and are able to break his thrall. Unexplained and uncertain events are a significant aspect of gothic text. The focus on mystery in Dracula would have had a substantial effect on the reader in the 1890s, as there was only one previous known author to write about vampires. These nightmare realms of uncertainty are also present in Wildes novel. His audience was the same as Stokers, although earlier in the 1890s, and his readers would suffer the same macabre interest in the sensational and supernatural when he described the painting, and how hour by hour, week by week, the thing on the canvas was growing old. Religion features quite frequently in Dracula, although the only real mention of it in Dorian Gray is when Basil quotes Isaiah when he looks at the portrait. Though your sins be as scarlet, yet I will make them as white as snow. There is also a hidden implication in the yellow book that Lord Henry gives to Dorian as a gift. In Dracula, the King-vampire may be seen to be a parody of Christ. Drinking blood bestows a sort of eternal life, and can be compared to the Catholic mass. To the God-fearing people of the 19th Century these references to Christ and religion would have had a profound effect on the way they viewed the novels. Including religious references in these novels would not only have captured the readers interest, but also given them the fear that what the authors are describing could be real. Poor literature EssayWhen ordering flowers for Sibyl he asks for as few white ones as possible showing his loss of virtuousness, and the lack of need for it. One of the main contrasts in these two novels is the use of female characters. The main and almost only female character in the entire novel of Dorian Gray is Sibyl Vane. Her death happened on the verge of Dorians transformation why is it that I cannot feel this tragedy as much as I want to? She is the entire innocent, beauty and purity that are in him. She is everything to me. Sibyls portrayal of Juliet from Shakespeares tragedy Romeo and Juliet foreshadows the doomed nature of Sibyls relationship with Dorian Gray. Women dont play a substantial or crucial part in the novel. In the novel, women are present, but remain very shallow and stereotypical. Most of the women who do appear are upper class women, except for Sybil Vane. Even though Sybil Vane plays an important part in Dorians life for a while, her character remains unimportant, its the woman she plays he falls in love with. When is she Sybil Vane? Never. When she fails on stage, it doesnt matter to Dorian who she really is beyond the parts she played. Further in the novel, women seem only present at gatherings and meetings, but they seem neither of any importance to the story nor to the main characters. In contrast, the female characters in Dracula are more dominating figures. The three weird sisters that Harker encounters in Draculas castle are both his dream and his nightmare à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" they in fact embody both the dream and the nightmare of the Victorian male imagination in general. The sisters represent what the Victorian ideal stipulates women should not be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" deliberately voluptuous and sexually aggressive which was both thrilling and repulsive à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" thus making their beauty both a promise of sexual fulfilment and a curse. However, this sexual proficiency threatens to undermine the foundations of a male dominated society by compromising mens ability to reason and maintain control. Dracula addresses the fear of things we cannot prove scientifically and rationally, and the ways we still rely on magic, ritual and faith to comfort and even to save us in an age of scientific curiosity and achievement. Stokers characters are in love with modern technology: with telegraphs and trains, with typewriters and gramophones write it out for him on the typewriter and primitive recording devices. As well, there are references to scientific and medical advances such as the transfusion of blood, which aim to dispel all mystery. The invasion Dracula attempts provides a suggestion that people may be pompous and pretentious in feeling they can know and control everything: there are mysteries, which perhaps cannot be fully grasped. Dracula is defeated by human effort using tools of ritual, not by science or reason: Gods madmen must do wild work. To the reader, this would suggest that relying on such modernity would have a disastrous effect. This would capture the attraction of the readers of the 19th century as they were beginning to use such progressive things. It would place a fearful belief in their minds that perhaps technology isnt as successful as it is supposed to be. Although The Picture of Dorian Gray is definitely described as a Gothic text, it does not contain many of the features typical to a Gothic text. There is no real particular mention of religion, animals/creatures or even any particularly bleak settings. However, in both novels loved ones and innocent people die, innocence and good is corrupted and there is a connection to sexuality. Both novels create an aspect of mystery for the reader of the 19th century. Stokers portrayal of a creature little known by the English public of the 1890s would have been of fear inspiring fascination to read about. Though few would have read John Palidoris vampire novel, more perhaps would have heard the tale of Vlad the Impaler. He was a man who supposedly drank human blood or the blood of his war victims, and was in fact a Dracule. This basis in reality would add a sadistic interest to the novel. Wildes novel, though equally inexplicable, doesnt create the same feeling of terror, but does raise a number of reservations in its reader. Both novels are seemingly successful texts in upholding the interest of the reader through many of the typical conventions of the Gothic tradition.

Research Methods Ch1 Test free essay sample

Which of the following examples illustrates research the way it is defined in your textbook? a. Sally is writing a paper about the effects of the Harry Potter books on the reading habits of fourth graders in the United States and United Kingdom. She goes to a research library to find information to include in her paper. b.Ian wants to know why the population of songbirds has declined in recent years in the Sutton Wilderness Area. He carefully collects soil and water samples, systematically surveys the entire area for predators, and then sits down to make sense of his findings. c.Leonard is starting a woodworking business and is not sure how to calculate the cost of his labor so he can be both profitable and fair to the customers. He asks several established business owners how they calculate labor changes. d.Bill is doing a report on the sonnets of Shakespeare. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Methods Ch1 Test or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He carefully reads a number of sonnets and then carefully reads scholarly reviews of those same sonnets written by various Shakespeare scholars. He synthesizes all of this information in his report. *3.Which of the following is defined as an organized body of concepts and principles intended to explain a particular phenomenon? a.Theory b.Inference c.Hypothesis d.Interpretation *4.Which of the following is defined as a reasonable guess, or a logical supposition, for explaining the phenomenon under investigation? a.Theory b.Inference c.Hypothesis d.Interpretation *5.The process of formal research begins with the identification of: a.research hypotheses. b.a feasible research plan. c.available participants. d.a research problem. *6.The purpose of formal research is to: a.prove or disprove the study hypotheses. b.support or fail to support the study hypotheses. c.identify alternative hypotheses. d.move beyond the need for hypotheses. *7.Assumptions come into play: a.in regard to nearly every aspect of every research study. b.in qualitative research but not in quantitative research. c.when research is not well thought out. d.rarely, if ever. *8.Well-designed research manages to minimize or avoid: a.assumptions. b.predictions. c.theory. d.bias. *9.Researchers ______ their phenomenon of interest on the basis of data analysis. a.make inferences about b.know facts about c.define d.identify *10.A primary function of the methodology is to: a.guide and control the acquisition of data. b.extract meaning from the data that have been gathered. c.both a and b d.neither a nor b *11.Three of the following come into play as the researcher analyzes the data. Which one does NOT? a.The study hypothesis/hypotheses b.Preferences for certain outcomes c.The logical reasoning process d.Assumptions *12.A well-designed and well-conducted study: a.answers questions of importance in the field. b.raises questions of importance to the field. c.answers some questions and raises other questions. *13.Reading the professional literature in the field of interest: a.will enhance an individual’s ability to design and conduct high-quality research. b.will stifle creativity and constrain the individual to the status quo. c.will make little difference to the quality and impact of the individual’s work. d.is necessary only for the leaders in the field. *14.One indication that a piece of information is of high quality is that the information: a. is found on the Internet. b.is found in a juried (or refereed) research report. c.resulted from a project that received corporate funding. d.is the firsthand account of a personal experience.